-
Taiwan lawmakers approve $7.6 bn drone budget as China threat grows
-
Norway's King Harald, 89, in 'extremely serious' condition
-
TechCentral.ie Daily Briefing: Agentic AI Firm Doubles Headcount to 60
-
How a glacier collapse may have caused Nepal-Tibet disaster
-
KiiChain Integrates TRON to Expand 24/7 On-Chain FX and Stablecoin Payments
-
Harmovest Capital Strengthens Global Financial Services Through Technology and Compliance
-
Japan to survey animal cafes over hygiene, welfare concerns
-
Nvidia to buy AI platform Hugging Face for $12.9 bn: report
-
Desperate families search for missing after Nepal floods
-
Palace intrigue in Uganda as succession battle heats up
-
The missing in Nepal-Tibet flash floods
-
'Housing First' approach gets Swedish city's homeless off streets
-
Search for 1,300 missing after deadly Nepal-Tibet floods
-
Czech duo Muchova and Mensik win US Open mixed doubles title
-
Once a top export, prized Kashmir carpet fades
-
Japan's 'polka dot queen' artist Yayoi Kusama dies aged 97
-
Search for 1,000 missing after deadly Nepal-Tibet floods
-
Nepal-Tibet disaster: what we know
-
Park So-yeon first woman to play for eSports powerhouse South Korea
-
China deploys record number of ships around Taiwan as pressure grows
-
Yayoi Kusama: Japan's kaleidoscopic, troubled 'polka dot queen'
-
Ruthless Bayern target treble as rivals reboot on Bundesliga return
-
Euro champ Hunt 'on her toes' against world's best in Zurich 100m
-
What experts know so far about Nepal's deadly floods
-
Asian chip firms lifted by Nvidia forecast but broader markets struggle
-
UEFA set to withdraw FIFA boycott threat ahead of Champions League draw
-
Search for missing after Nepal-Tibet floods kill 165
-
Sumo moves to beat Japan summer heat as temperatures rise
-
Qantas says profits slump as fuel costs surge
-
'Be more honest': Markets crave clarity from cryptic Fed chair
-
Lofty bond yields, Bessent's intervention pose challenge to Fed's Warsh
-
Climate change leaves its mark on America's largest reservoir
-
The foreigners missing in Nepal's flash floods
-
CIA director warned Russia not to attack NATO members: US media
-
Bond yields are surging: Here's why that could spell trouble
-
Search for missing after Nepal-Tibet floods kills at least 160
-
Fed's Cook rejects Trump mortgage fraud claims
-
Empire Metals Limited Announces Interim Results
-
Guardian Metal Resources PLC Announces Pilot Mountain Technical Report Summary
-
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Announces Transaction in Own Shares - August 27
-
Meta, US states agree $18 bn settlement in landmark teen safety case
-
Police probe 'assault allegations' after Carse's nightclub incident
-
What scientists know so far about Nepal's deadly floods
-
How we might hear new Dolly Parton music in the future
-
US general visits Colombia to discuss war on drugs
-
Nvidia doubles revenue, forecasts even more AI spending
-
Meta settlement puts social media industry on notice: 'There will be more'
-
Canada renews push to boycott US products
-
NFL owners approve record Seahawks sale
-
Savio scores on debut as Spurs set-up League Cup tie with Liverpool
Japan 'poop master' gives back to nature
When nature calls, Masana Izawa has followed the same routine for more than 50 years: heading out to the woods in Japan, dropping his pants and doing as bears do.
"We survive by eating other living things. But you can give faeces back to nature so that organisms in the soil can decompose them," the 74-year-old told AFP.
"This means you are giving life back. What could be a more sublime act?"
"Fundo-shi" ("poop-soil master") Izawa is something of a celebrity in Japan, publishing books, delivering lectures and appearing in a documentary.
People flock to his "Poopland" and centuries-old wooden "Fundo-an" ("poop-soil house") in Sakuragawa north of Tokyo, sometimes dozens of them a month.
There, in his 7,000-square-metre (1.7-acre) woodland -- about the size of a football pitch -- visitors get tips for open-air best practice.
"Noguso", as it is known in Japanese, requires digging a hole, a leaf or two for wiping, a bottle of water to wash up, and twigs to mark the spot.
The sticks ensure he doesn't use the same place twice and can later return to keep precise records of the decomposition process.
"Feel the back of these. Can you tell how soft they are?" he said, showing palm-sized silver poplar leaves picked from a branch.
"(It's) more comfortable than paper."
- 'Egocentric' -
Izawa is a former nature photographer who specialised in mushrooms before retiring in 2006.
His excrement epiphany came at age 20 when he saw a protest against the construction of a sewage plant.
"We all produce faeces, but (the demonstrators) wanted the treatment plant somewhere far away and out of sight," he says.
"People who believed they were absolutely right made such an egocentric argument."
He concluded that to alleviate his own conscience at least, outdoor defecating was the answer.
- Falling foul -
Toilets, toilet paper and wastewater facilities require huge amounts of water, energy and chemicals.
Letting soil do the work is much better for the environment, says Izawa, who believes more people should follow his lead.
Human waste -- more than other animals' -- can contain bacteria that are potentially harmful to the environment, and defecating outside is banned in Japan.
But since Izawa owns the forest around his centuries-old house, he has not fallen foul of the authorities.
He digs up old spots that he says show human stools are entirely and quickly broken down, unless they contain antibiotic medicines.
"Fungal activities degrade and transform things like dead animals, excrement and fallen leaves into nutritious earth, on which a forest grows," he says.
- Risky Business -
Izawa's iron beliefs have cost him dearly, not least his second marriage after an incident involving Machu Picchu, the popular tourist site in Peru.
He cancelled a leg of their honeymoon trip to the site after learning he would have to use the facilities.
"I jeopardised my wife and a trip to Machu Picchu just for a single 'noguso'," he says, laughing.
He believes that climate change and the growing interest in more sustainable ways of living may be winning him more attention, especially from young people.
Kazumichi Fujii, 43, a soil scientist at the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) in Japan, agreed.
"(It is) due to the Fukushima (nuclear) disaster, the Greta Thunberg movement... (and) distrust for the preceding generations and the desire for alternatives," Fujii said.
But Fujii warns Izawa that his methods may not be as safe as he thinks, particularly his habit of tasting the soil from Poopland to demonstrate how safe it is.
The city of Edo, as pre-modern Tokyo was known, used human excrement to fertilise farmland, but "some 70 percent of residents suffered from parasite infection," Fujii said.
"I must be seen as a hell of a freak," laughs Izawa. "But it is due to the human-centric society.
"In the whole ecological system, no other animal but humans use toilets...the human world is rather absurd to me."
He now strongly hopes that his body will also be decomposed in the forest instead of being cremated as is customary in Japan.
"I find the purpose of living in doing 'noguso'," he said.
S.Jackson--AT